In conclusion, the ferronickel concentrates with the highest nickel grade of 8.93 wt% and iron grade of 63.96 wt% were obtained with the carbon ratio of 1.4 and the CaF 2 additive amount of 9.85 wt%. 3.3. Effects of the Additive Type on the Iron and Nickel Contents of As-Prepared Ferronickel Concentrates.
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The raw ferronickel with 13%Ni needs further refining to become ferronickel with approximately 20% Ni. This process takes place inside the converter. Oxygen is blown inside the liquid raw …
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1 Ferronickel smelting plant and process Kawasaki's ferronickel smelting plant follows the process shown in Fig. 1. Ferronickel ore with 1.8-2.2% nickel content is first dried in a rotary dryer, then reduced in a rotary kiln. Next, the ore is smelted in an electric furnace and separated into slag and metal (ferronickel) with
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In this study, high-grade ferronickel concentrates were obtained through a carbothermal reduction and magnetic separation using laterite nickel ore and anthracite as raw materials.
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The raw ferronickel with 13%Ni needs further refining to become ferronickel with approximately 20% Ni. This process takes place inside the converter. Oxygen is blown inside the liquid raw ferronickel (lava). This oxygen re-oxidizes a part of the iron, thus creating iron oxide (slag). This converter slag, floating above the
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In this paper, an iodination volatilization roasting method was developed and used to separate iron from the ferronickel alloy, and nickel powder was obtained. Thermodynamic analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were …
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FERRONICKEL PRODUCTION AND OPERATION To reach the above aims in a reasonable treatment time requires a flexible plant for the following processes: •Removal of carbon, silicon, phosphorus and sulfu.r • Deoxidation and desulfurization •Heating Depending on the composition of the crude ferro-nickel tapped from the electric reduction
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In this study, high-grade ferronickel concentrates were obtained through a carbothermal reduction and magnetic separation using laterite nickel ore and anthracite as raw …
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In this paper, an iodination volatilization roasting method was developed and used to separate iron from the ferronickel alloy, and nickel powder was obtained. Thermodynamic …
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Loading. Trim in accordance with the relevant provisions required under sections 4 and 5 of this Code. As the density of the cargo is extremely high, the tank top may be overstressed unless the cargo is evenly spread across the tank top to equalize the weight distribution. Due consideration shall be given to ensure that the tank top is not overstressed during the
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A ferronickel product with 8.08 wt.% Ni, 80.09 wt.% Fe, and 3.75 wt.% C was prepared by heating the mixture to 1380°C in the presence of 6 wt.% carbon content and 5 wt.% limonitic laterite ore ...
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All ferronickel is used for making stainless steel and other ferrous alloys. It is therefore cast into shapes that are convenient for adding it to molten metal in furnaces and ladles. It is usually cast in small molds on a moving conveyor belt, as shown in Figure 4.1, or granulated in water, as shown in Figure 7.2. FIGURE 7.2.
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The Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace process is a widely recognized pyrometallurgical route for ferronickel production. This paper focuses on the rotary kiln furnace, an intermediate stage in which partially dried minerals convert into calcine, ready for smelting in …
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This book introduces the most inspiring progress in the production of ferronickel from laterite ores, from both theoretical and technological perspectives.
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Ferronickel slag is discharged during the smelting process of ferronickel alloy [1], [2], which is used for stainless steelmaking. With the rapid development of the stainless industry, the annual output of ferronickel slag has excessed 30 million tons in China [3], becoming the fourth largest typical metallurgical waste following blast furnace (BF) slag, steel slag, and red …
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The viability of synergistic preparing refractory material from ferronickel slag (FNS) and ferrochromium slag (FCS) has been confirmed based on the phase and microstructural transformation behavior of FNS and FCS …
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The primary raw materials for producing refractory materials were ferronickel slags (EFFS and BFFS) and sintered magnesia. The main chemical and phase compositions of EFFS and BFFS are shown in Table 1 and Fig. 1, respectively.EFFS contained 48.26 wt% SiO 2 and 29.64 wt% MgO, with a low mass ratio of magnesia to silica (m(MgO)/m(SiO 2) = 0.61), which …
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Global Ferronickel Holdings, Inc. (FNI)'s in-house legal department has been recognized for its exceptional achievements by winning four distinguished awards at the Asian Legal Business—Philippine Law Awards …
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Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) smelting is currently the world-wide mainstreaming process for ferronickel production from nickeliferous laterite ore, in spite of the high power consumption. In this study, aiming to provide some meaningful guidance for ferronickel production of RKEF smelting, reductive roasting followed by smelting process ...
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FeNi slag is an important by-product in the FeNi industry (Han et al., 2023).The FeNi alloy production process produces large quantities of FeNi slag at approximately 6–16 tons of FeNi slag/ton nickel (Sun et al., 2021).FeNi slag has potential for carbon capture and utilization (CCU) because it has a high magnesium content of approximately 15.7 %–18.7 % (mass) (Li …
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All ferronickel is used for making stainless steel and other ferrous alloys. It is therefore cast into shapes that are convenient for adding it to molten metal in furnaces and ladles. It is usually …
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In this work, high-grade ferronickel concentrate was prepared by a reduction roasting-magnetic separation process, and low-grade ferronickel concentrate and CaF 2 were …
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This study aimed to fully recover ammonia contained at a high concentration in anaerobic digestate of piggery wastewater (ADPW) by forming struvite. As magnesium and phosphorus sources, ferronickel slag (FNS) and K2HPO4 were used, respectively. By leaching 200 g L-1 …
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The primary pyrometallurgical route to produce ferronickel from laterite nickel ores is the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace (RKEF) process. In the RKEF process, minerals undergo …
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The Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace process is a widely recognized pyrometallurgical route for ferronickel production. This paper focuses on the rotary kiln furnace, an intermediate …
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Along with ferronickel smelting, massive ferronickel slag (FNS) is discharged. This slag is mainly derived from rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) smelting. Its main components are SiO 2 and MgO, along with minor amounts of FeO, Al 2 O 3, CaO, and heavy metal components such as Cr, Ni, Mn, etc [[1], [2], [3]].
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PFP is a producer of ferronickel established in 1972 as a Soviet state enterprise in Pobugskoe, in the Kirovograd region of Ukraine to produce ferromanganese, ferromolybdenum, ferronickel, ferrosilicon, and other ferroalloys. Due to the low profitability of processing locally mined low-grade nickel ores, the plant had been in receivership and ...
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for Preparing Ferronickel from Laterite Ore Abstract Due to the shortage of laterite ore resources in China, most of the raw nickeliferous materials for ferronickel production have to be imported. The low Ni grade (1–2 wt%), high water content (35–45 wt%) and high transportation cost of
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Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) smelting is currently the world-wide mainstreaming process for ferronickel production from nickeliferous laterite ore, in spite of the …
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In this work, high-grade ferronickel concentrate was prepared by a reduction roasting-magnetic separation process, and low-grade ferronickel concentrate and CaF 2 were used as composite additives to promote the aggregation and growth of ferronickel particles in the reduction roasting stage.
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